二、综合题。
1.阅读判断：
Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.
In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness–this is, make a diagnosis. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes body function felt by the patient and the signs（also called objective symptoms） which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs（or symptoms）accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called a syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated by the physician in making his diagnosis.
Although nurses do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patience's disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician's orders.
In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention. Throughout most of medical history, the physician's aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens - to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization （WHO） on an international level down to local private and community health programs. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is educating individual patients toward the maintenance of total health–physical and mental.
16. By disease it meant the condition in which one or more parts of the body fail to function properly.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
17. A syndrome refers to a complex of signs and/or symptoms typical of a specific disease.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
18. The diagnostic aids are indispensable in any case for a physician to diagnose a disease.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
19. Because nurses can observe patients closely, they have at the authority to deal with any critical condition happening to patients.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
20. Modern medicine attaches much more importance to disease prevention than traditional medicine.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
21. An effective system of disease prevention and treatment has been established in every country all over the world.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
22. Generally speaking, the physician is more willing to treat patients' physical disease than their mental illness.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
2.概括大意与完成句子：
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere affect the heat balance of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. For the Earth's surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass of ice.
Today, however, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. The burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of the forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 15 percent in the 1st hundred years, and we continue to add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise in average temperature and could such a rise have serious consequences for human society? Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably yes.
Under present conditions a temperature can be observed at an altitude of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude （called the radiating level）, the temperature increases by about per kilometer approaching the Earth's surface, where the average temperature is bout. An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide to absorb infrared radiation. As the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation increase, the radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise.
One mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise the global mean surface temperature. This model assumes that the atmosphere's relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of per kilometer.
The assumption of constant relative humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficient absorber of radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, more infrared radiation would be adsorbed and reradiated back to the Earth's surface. The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, reducing the Earth's reflectivity. More solar radiation would then be abs
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